In a jury trial, the jury (petit jury) would determine which facts are (most likely) true or fabricated, as well as determine the guilt or innocence of the defendant.
In a trial without a jury, this role would be carried out by the judge or magistrate.
A "bench trial" is a case heard by a judge without a jury. In a jury case, the jury decides the facts of the case -- what is true and not true -- and the judge decides the law. In a bench trial, the judge determines the facts and the law.
Any duly constituted court of jurisdiction can do so
If a court decides not to review a case then it actually upholds the decision of the lower court.
senate
The courts of law are forums established by the Constitution to settle disputes. A judge or jury decides the facts of the case and the judge also governs the procedure according to the law.
Whether impeachments are proven or not proven is what decides the outcome of an impeachment.
In a bench trial, a judge decides the case instead of a jury. The judge listens to evidence, arguments, and witnesses presented by both sides, and then makes a decision based on the law and facts of the case.
The prosecution will show the evidence and present the testimony that indicates guilt. The defending attorney will try to punch holes in the evidence and testimony. The jury then decides what the facts are based on the testimony and evidence.
jury
The facts case is where you end up fighting Sullivan.
Facts relevant or pertinant to a case
A "bench trial" is a trial before a judge sitting without a jury. The judge alone decides the case.