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In the 1850s and '60s, Americans began to settle further and further west. They justified their taking of Indian land because the natives "did not improve the land", so it was free for the taking. This, and the proliferation of railroads, caused the government to restrict the Native Americans. Many conflicts followed, including the Massacre at Sand Creek and the Red River War. Eventually, the Battle of Wounded Knee in 1890 ended the Indian wars.

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