These days, the average wait on Death Row averages 15 years or more, but before Furman v. Georgia in 1972, the rules on appeals were actually pretty arbitrary, and the process was typically measured in months rather than days. I would guess for a well-publicized trial like Kimble's, where the evidence seemed overwhelmingly stacked against him, he would have spent no more than a year to 15 months in prison before heading to execution. Fortunately, his train derailed!
Using some details from Sam Sheppard's trial and the 15 month estimate, this would be an approximate timeline: Helen Kimble murdered and Richard arrested - July 1961, Richard convicted - December 1961, Richard sent to execution / escapes - March 1963, first episode of "The Fugitive" (Kimble has been on the run for 6 months) - September 1963.
Helen Kimble, the wife of Dr. Richard Kimble in "The Fugitive," was murdered in the state of Illinois.
The Fugitive
Dr. Richard Kimble
Vascular Surgeon
Harrison Ford. He played Dr. Richard Kimble in The Fugitive (1993), and he played Jack Ryan in Patriot Games (1992) and Clear and Present Danger (1994).
A one-armed man
Dr. Richard Kimble
Alec Baldwin
"The Fugitive" (1993). Stars Harrison Ford, Tommy Lee Jones.
The doctor in Cook County Hospital who asks Richard Kimble "Do you have a particular interest in our patients x-rays?"
One-armed man
If you meant the mid-1900's TV series and recent movie which covered the TV series, then it is Dr. Richard Kimble.