It is called remand
A 'preliminary hearing.' aka. a probable cause hearing.
If you appeared in court as scheduled, there should be a record of the hearing on file and accessible by the clerk of the court. The disposition of every hearing is recorded, so the result of your original hearing should be on file.
The preliminary hearing
To be called officially, as for a court case or a hearing.
Not if you are the defendant. If you are the employer who did not enforce a garnishment order it is possible you could be held in contempt of a court order, but that seldom results in anything other then a fine and a warning from the court to honor all the terms of the garnishment writ.
Yes, the charge would be Contempt of Court
When a 16-year-old is arrested and charged as an adult for robbery, the legal process typically begins with their booking and initial detention. The case may then proceed to a preliminary hearing or arraignment where charges are formally presented. Depending on the jurisdiction, the minor may be eligible for a transfer hearing to determine if they should be tried as an adult or remain in juvenile court. If tried as an adult, the case follows the adult criminal justice process, which can lead to more severe penalties than those typically faced in juvenile court.
Failing to follow a court order is called, Contempt of Court. You can be arrested, and if convicted serve jail time. Is this car worth going to jail over?
Circuit Court sometimes called Superior Court in some states. (court of original jurisdiction)
An initial appearance is a pretrial stage in which a defendant is brought before a lower court to be given notice of the charge/charges and advised of his/her constitutional rights. A preliminary hearing is in a felony case a pretrial stage at which a judge determines whether there is probable cause.
En banc
Generally, no. However, she should have called the court to notify it of her situation. If this is a pattern of behavior she could risk losing custody. She should visit the court as soon as possible to determine if any orders were issued regarding the modification in her absence and to reschedule.