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The theory behind lie detection primarily revolves around the idea that physiological responses, such as changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and skin conductivity, can indicate deception. The most common method, the polygraph test, measures these responses while a subject answers questions, based on the premise that deceptive answers may provoke stress-related reactions. However, the reliability of lie detection methods is debated, as factors like anxiety, fear, or even individual differences can produce similar physiological responses, making it challenging to definitively identify lies.

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