Yes, you should capitalize "Chambers" when referencing the chambers of a judge. "Chambers" in this context refers to the private office or quarters of a judge where they conduct their work and make decisions. Capitalizing it helps to distinguish it as a proper noun specific to the judge's office.
You should capitalize "Musical Theatre" when referencing the specific genre or art form.
No they shouldn't be capitalized.
No, the word judge should not be capitalized in the middle of a sentence. This is, of course, if it is not the title of a specific judge.
That depends on whether you're using the words as regular or proper nouns. If you're referring to supreme court justices in general, without reference to a specific person or court, then there is no need to capitalize. If you're referring to a specific court, such as the Supreme Court of the United States, or the US Supreme Court, as it's known colloquially, you need to capitalize. The same rules apply to justices. If you're referring to US Supreme Court justices in general, apply capitalization only to the part of the sentence that includes proper (specifically identifying) nouns. If you're referring to a particular justice, as in, "President Obama nominated Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor in 2009," "justice" needs to be capitalized because you are using it as that particular person's title.
Capitalize the first word in a sentence. Capitalize proper nouns, such as the names of people and places. Capitalize the pronoun "I." Capitalize the first word of a quote. Capitalize days of the week, months, and holidays. Capitalize the titles of books, movies, and songs. Capitalize the first, last, and important words in titles.
A judge's chambers is a fancy way of saying a judge's office.
You should capitalize "Musical Theatre" when referencing the specific genre or art form.
You capitalize Judge Smith. You do not need to capitalize retired as it is not part of his title.
No they shouldn't be capitalized.
Robert Chambers - judge - was born in 1737.
Robert Chambers - judge - died in 1803.
Chambers or judge's Chambers
no
Yes, it should be capitalized when it's part of a title.
No, they are not proper nouns.
Only when his name follows
No. When used as an adjective, it loses its capital letter.