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For us French, we see very little difference, if any, in the English phrases "I have to ..." or "I must". We would say "je dois" when translating both. Ex: je dois aller à l'école (I have to go to school) Je dois m'en aller (I have to leave) Je dois réfléchir (I must think).

The usage difference between "devoir" as an infinitive and "je dois" as a conjugated verb is similar to the same difference in English. If you have two verbs in a row that form a coherent connection, the infinitive is used for the second verb.

Ex: Je dois aller à l'école. = I have to go to school.

BUT J'aime devoir aller à l'école. = I love to have to go to school (literally) OR I love having to go to school (semantically in English).

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