There are 19 standard vowel sounds (20 if you count schwa-R separately)
Here is what they sound like:
pat (short A, ah)
pay (long A)
care (long A-r)
father (aah, similar to short O)
bet (short E)
beet (long E)
bit (short I)
bite, by (long I)
pier (rhotic I, similar to long E)
cot (short O)
toe (long O)
for (rhotic O, similar to long O)
noise (OY sound, a digraph)
good, book (short OO, distinct from short U)
boot (long OO, or long U)
urge (rhotic short U)
bud, cut (short U, uh)
out, loud (OW sound, a digraph)
alone, sofa, system, edible, gallop, circus (schwa sound, ə , an unstressed eh, ih, or uh sound)
better, butter (rhotic schwa)
The -us in focus has the schwa sound (uhs).
No. The E is silent, but the -ar makes a different sound from either the long or short A sound. It is closer to a short O sound. The word large in British English sounds like "lodge" in US English.
No. The word jar has an umlaut A as in car and bar. This is different from the short A or long A, and closer to the sounds or and aw.(In British English, carp has practically the same sound as cop in the US).
The O may be a short O, but is more commonly the AW sound (caret O) which in US English is just the letter R.The A sounds like a short I and the E is silent. (R-inj)
Not technically. Although you hear a long A, it is called an R-shaped vowel, and is indicated by a caret A. In US English, this is all words with the "air" sound (ay-uh in British English).
The -us in focus has the schwa sound (uhs).
No. The E is silent, but the -ar makes a different sound from either the long or short A sound. It is closer to a short O sound. The word large in British English sounds like "lodge" in US English.
The vowel sound is an "or" which is a long O in US English and a caret O (aw) in British English.
No. The word jar has an umlaut A as in car and bar. This is different from the short A or long A, and closer to the sounds or and aw.(In British English, carp has practically the same sound as cop in the US).
The US states that start with a vowel are:AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaOhioOklahomaOregonUtah
The O could be a long vowel, but as OR is a special vowel sound because of its different pronunciation in US English (or) and British English (aw). Neither of the A's has a long sound.
The O may be a short O, but is more commonly the AW sound (caret O) which in US English is just the letter R.The A sounds like a short I and the E is silent. (R-inj)
It has a form of long O, called a caret O, which pairs with an R to have the sound OR in the US and AW in British English. Other O/OU words that can be considered as caret O sounds are door, four, lore, court, and force.
No. The word jar has an umlaut A as in car and bar. This is different from the short A or long A, and closer to the sounds or and aw.(In British English, carp has practically the same sound as cop in the US).
Not technically. Although you hear a long A, it is called an R-shaped vowel, and is indicated by a caret A. In US English, this is all words with the "air" sound (ay-uh in British English).
Words that start with short vowel sounds: A : act, at, admit, affluent, agriculture E : end, educate, esteem I : its, illogical, innocent O : octopus, odd, opportunity U : udder, until, upper, us
It can be considered long, in US English moreso than in British English, which pronounces the OR as oh-ah and uses the caret O (or/aw) to represent the O sound.