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For most regular nouns, the way to make them plural is to add an -s. For example: book is singular (one book); books is plural (more than one). Girl is singular. Girls is the plural. Computer is singular; the plural is computers.

But English has many exceptions. If a noun has one syllable and ends in Y, the plural is regular: day/days. Toy/toys. But if there are two or more syllables and the noun ends in the letter Y, you form the plural by dropping the Y and turning the ending into -ies. For example: baby is singular; babies is plural. Country is singular. Countries is plural. If a noun already ends in an s, you often add an -es to form the plural: boss/ bosses. Kiss/kisses. And if a noun ends in the letter X, you usually add an -es to form the plural. For example: box becomes boxes; fox becomes foxes. BUT, as you will see next, there are exceptions. One of them is ox (an animal)-- its plural is oxen.

Some nouns are not regular (ox is one example). These irregular nouns have a unique plural: for example, words that come from foreign languages have an irregular plural: medium comes from Latin, and its plural is media. Datum also comes from Latin, and its plural is data. The same for stimulus (singular)-- the plural is stimuli.

Some other irregular plural nouns: Child is singular, but the plural is children. Woman has an irregular plural: women. Man becomes men. Foot becomes feet. The plural of mouse is mice. And the plural of tooth is teeth. There are also some non-countable nouns with no plural at all, such as news, research, and information. So, the short answer is most nouns are regular and just use an -s to become plural. But all you can do is find a good dictionary (or a good web-page about English grammar) so you can memorize the irregular nouns.

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