What do you call words and phrases like Danish Pastry Dutch Courage Turkish Delight Brazil nuts etc and where is a list showing what they actually call the thing in the language of the country used?

Answer 1

In Danish, the word Danish pastry is "wienerbrød", which actually means viennese bread.

In Turkish, Turkish delight is "lokum".

The term Dutch courage doesn't exist in Dutch, but directly translated it would be "Nederlands moed"

In Portuguese, which is the language spoken in Brazil, Brazil nut is either "castanha-do-pará" or castanha-do-brasil".

Answer 2

Those are known as exonyms, which are names given to a place, person, or thing by an external entity. The actual names of these items in the languages of their respective countries are called endonyms. You can find lists of exonyms and their corresponding endonyms through online resources like language dictionaries or cultural websites specializing in naming conventions.