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the preterite is basically used to describe something that happened in the past when a time period is given.

e.g. LAST WEEK i went to the cinema = la semana pasada FUI al cine.

regular verbs in the past participle take this format: hablar = hablado, comer = comido, vivir = vivido. the past participle is used in a few ways, but the one i think you want is the "perfect tense" and is preceded by one of the following:

he = i

has = you

ha = he/she/it/usted

hemos = we

habéis = you (plural)

han = they/ustedes

the perfect tense is used to describe actions in the past that happened recently - in English this tends to be "i have eaten", "i have been" etc.

e.g. have you had breakfast yet? yes, i have had it. = ¿ya has tomado el desayuno? si, yo lo he tomado.

you can also use the perfect with "una vez", "todavía", "nunca" etc. like... have you been to London? si, he visitado una vez.

there is also the imperfect tense which is used to describe the past. there are many uses and exception buts the general rule is that it used to describe things you did in the past over a long period of time.

e.g. i went to school on the bus (when i was younger, i.e. over a long period of time)

iba al colegio en el autobús.

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