It's a pronoun
A noun, of the abstract type.
A noun of the abstract type.
The word "today" is an adverb that indicates the current day or period of time.
The word "rose" can be a noun (a type of flower) or a verb (past tense of rise).
The word "refried" is an adjective. It describes a type of cooking process where food is fried again.
The word itself is a pronoun. It can be reflexive and emphatic.
Figure of speech
logos
The word asterisk is a noun. It is the name of the symbol. The symbol itself (*) is just that, a symbol.
The word 'moose' is a noun, a word for a type of animal; a word for a thing.
simile
Onomatopoeia
A gerund which is a type of verb.
"This" is a pronoun of the type called "demonstrative".
A noun, of the abstract type.
A noun of the abstract type.
The individual word "sentence" is a common noun. However, a sentence itself is comprised of many different parts of speech.