There is not a single rule, because whether you use a comma with "because" and where you would use it depend on how you are using "because".
The first sentence is an example of a common situation, in which "because" introduces a dependent clause. In this situation, you use a comma before "because".
In some situations, you don't need any commas:
The game was delayed because of rain.
Because his interview was the best of the lot, he was our first choice to fill the position.
In other situations, you would put a comma both before and after "because":
I have to cancel our lunch, because, as it turns out, I will be in Helsinki.
No, a comma does not always come before "for instance." It depends on the structure of the sentence. A comma is typically used before "for instance" when it introduces a non-essential or parenthetical element in the sentence.
A subordinator usually comes before the comma in a complex sentence. Subordinators such as because, if, when, although typically introduce dependent clauses that come before or after the main clause in a sentence.
Not necessarily. There is no word in English that requires a comma before or after it.
No, a comma before "as appropriate" is not necessary. It depends on the context of the sentence and whether it flows better with or without the comma.
no . Additional: 'Which' sometimes has a comma before it, but it depends on the sentence. I find it hard to imagine a situation when 'which' would have a comma after it.
No
No, a comma does not always come before "for instance." It depends on the structure of the sentence. A comma is typically used before "for instance" when it introduces a non-essential or parenthetical element in the sentence.
A subordinator usually comes before the comma in a complex sentence. Subordinators such as because, if, when, although typically introduce dependent clauses that come before or after the main clause in a sentence.
A period should come before the footnote at the end of a sentence, while a comma should not.
Not necessarily. There is no word in English that requires a comma before or after it.
Yes
If a comma is needed, it normally comes after parenthesis.
The comma would come after it.
Not necessarily. There is no word in English that requires a comma before or after it.
No, a comma before "as appropriate" is not necessary. It depends on the context of the sentence and whether it flows better with or without the comma.
no . Additional: 'Which' sometimes has a comma before it, but it depends on the sentence. I find it hard to imagine a situation when 'which' would have a comma after it.
A comma typically comes before "because" when it is used to introduce a dependent clause in a sentence.