Yes, they can get all kinds of nasty things from being outside.
Its not really like cats like the dark. Cats are animals that hunt in the night, so they will prefer being outside while dark.
Yes, outside cats can become inside cats with proper training and adjustment to their new environment.
Yes, cats have a strong sense of smell and can detect the scent of other cats outside their territory.
Calicos can live inside or outside. It depends if they were born inside or outside.
Cats typically meet outside in places like yards, parks, and neighborhoods.
Indoor cats usually live longer than outdoor cats because outside cats are able to get more diseases, rabies, or hurt/killed by another animal. Indoor cats are less likely to get diseases or get rabies, which is why it is incredibly important to vaccinate your cat when required, especially when it is allowed to be outside. Outdoor cats are also at risk of being hit by cars. A cat cannot outrun a car, and such incidents are very common.
There are no specific breeds of cat that are typically "outdoor" cats - it really depends on each individual cat's personality. Some cats prefer to stay indoors all their lives, while others like to go outside when they want to. Being outside allows independence and freedom. But, being an outdoor cat can be dangerous if you live in a urban area. Any cat can be an outdoor cat (if it so wishes - never try and "force" a cat to go outside if it doesn't want to) as long as it's not declawed. Also, most pedigree breeds are kept as indoor cats, due to their value. Some pedigree breeds are known to be ignorant about roads, and are at risk from being stolen.
Cats may scream outside due to mating behavior, territorial disputes, or feeling threatened.
Cats do not have a preference for dying indoors or outdoors. It is important to provide a safe and comfortable environment for aging or sick cats, whether that be inside the home or in a peaceful outdoor setting. Providing proper care and monitoring a cat's health are key factors in ensuring their well-being as they age.
cats mostly live in a barn or a house and outside
Exact numbers on the theft of cats are difficult to determine due to underreporting and varying laws and regulations across different regions. However, it is known to happen and pet owners are encouraged to take precautions to protect their cats from being stolen, such as keeping them indoors or supervised when outside.
No they shouldn't be left outside all the time. You can leave them out for about 12 hours, but they still need love.