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Whales are mammals and must breathe air to survive but , unlike humans and other mammals, they are 'voluntary breathers', which means they must physically remember to go to the surface and breathe! Depending on the species of whale, lung capacity differs. But, they all return to the surface of the water, open a blowhole on the top of their heads (a watertight valve) to expel air and quickly take in more before going down below the water's surface.

How do whales stay under water for an hour or more on a lungful of air?

The answer is: they do not. Whales expel the air from their lungs shortly after diving so they are no longer buoyant. The rest is squeezed out by increasing water pressure. They are able to remain under for so long by oxygenating their blood because of their increased lung capacity.

When a whale dives oxygen is only sent to the parks of their body's that need it the most like the brain Muscles for swimming and their heart, the rest of the body must wait for the dive to Finnish until it can get its oxygen, unless the dive is a very long one so the animal gives the other parts of its body like the stomach a little bit of oxygen every 20 minutes or so.

Human beings can hold their breath under water for an average of one minute. A hippopotamus can stay underwater for 15 minutes. The sperm whale and bottlenose whale can stay underwater the longest: some have been recorded on dives that lasted nearly two hours.

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