The Chinese response to foreign devils, or foreign influences, varied over time but often included a mix of resistance and adaptation. Initially, many Chinese viewed foreign powers with suspicion and hostility, leading to events like the Opium Wars and the Boxer Rebellion, which were driven by a desire to expel foreign influence and assert national sovereignty. However, there were also periods of engagement, as some Chinese intellectuals sought to learn from foreign technologies and ideas to modernize the country. Ultimately, this complex relationship shaped China's evolving stance towards globalization and foreign interaction.
The Chinese secret group pledged to rid the country of foreign devils were called Boxers.
They called them "White Devils" or "Foreign Devils"
Boxers
In "Boxer Rebellion," the term "foreign devils" primarily refers to Westerners and Japanese foreigners who were seen as imperialist invaders in China during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Boxers, a secret society, viewed these foreign influences as corrupting and harmful to Chinese society, leading them to call for violence against these outsiders. Thus, the "foreign devils" are not a specific race but rather a derogatory term encompassing various foreign nationals perceived as oppressors.
With a rise in anti-foreign and anti-colonial sentiment
Foreign Devils was created in 2002.
mo-gui yanjing
The Boxer Rebellion included Chinese attacks on foreign missionaries.
Boxers
Chinese against foreign trade
The Chinese people were tired of foreign influence.
The Boxer's cause, at first, was to overthrow the imperial Ch'ing government and expel all "foreign devils" from China.