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Red deer compete for mates through roaring, physical combat, and visual displays. During the rut, stags engage in roaring contests to attract females and intimidate rivals. If roaring is insufficient, they fight by locking antlers and pushing each other. Stags with larger antlers and stronger bodies typically prevail. They also establish and defend harems, marking territory with scent and patrolling to fend off rivals. Female red deer often choose mates based on these displays of strength and fitness, ensuring that the most dominant and healthy males are selected for reproduction.

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