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Reindeer eat food found in their environment. Reindeer are ruminants (like cows), having a four-chambered stomach. They mainly eat lichens in winter, especially reindeer lichen - a unique adaptation among mammals - and are the only large mammal able to metabolize lichen owing to specialized bacteria and protozoa in their gut.

They also eat the leaves of willows and birches, as well as sedges and grasses. They have been known to eat their own fallen antlers, probably for calcium. There is some evidence to suggest that on occasion, especially in the spring when they are nutritionally stressed, they will also feed on small rodents such as lemmings, fish such as Arctic char, and bird eggs. Reindeer herded by the Chukchis have been known to devour mushrooms in late summer.

~Wikipedia

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