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Shivering is made by muscle work, that itself produces heat, as not all muscle energy expenditure transforms in kinetic force, because the ATP conversion is not perfect - no machine or mechanism are, including the biological ones!

Besides this fact, there are other components that account for the accumulation of heat by the body; the blood of the animal is deviated from skin and superficial mucosa to deeper - cold hands, lips and feet - to diminishes the loss of hot; in general, the behavior of the animal changes to a "warm itself"; tend to look for hotter places, cover itself. For animals with a lot of thicker pile - like chimpanzee - the piloerection component serve as an entrapment of hot air, functioning as a blanket.

Hypothalamus is the central organizer of this response.

We shiver to keep us warm during winter. The body core (brain, heart, central nervous system, etc) is very sensitive to low temperatures, so when the temperature drops, the CNS sends out instructions for the muscles to burn fuel (sugar + oxygen) to produce heat. The muscles aren't very bright; they don't know that they could do interesting things like pushups, situps or running. Instead they do the simplest thing, which is simply to twitch ... push, pull, push, pull ... it is this repetitive twitching that we call shivering. It burns fuel rapidly and generates quite a bit of heat. Unfortunately, it often doesn't begin until the body core is already under some stress; so if you begin shivering, it's a good idea to get out of the cold right away if you can.

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11y ago

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