If a cat doesn't want to go outside, don't force it to. It may further it's fear of the outdoors. Cats that have a longing to become outdoor/indoor cats will often look outside and dart to the door when the door is opened. If a cat doesn't want to go outside (other than for veterinary check ups, of course), don't force it to.
because they want to
Slowly let your cat outside less and less until the cat doesn't go out at all.
Absolutely, and this is not bad ownership. My cat is inside 98% of the time - the 2% of the time when she is outside, she is in a harness and on a leash with me. Housecats are domesticated - they are adapted to living with humans in their buildings. Cats do not need to go outside to hunt, explore or whatever - humans can provide toys and interaction to supply the mental and physical exertions the cat needs to remain healthy. The potential risks of letting your cat outside includes disease ranging from fleas to FIV, injury from fights or being hit by a car and death from a variety of things. I have a coworker who just lost her cat because it was outside and the neighbor accidentally ran over the cat and killed it.
Picking up a cat by its scruff can be harmful and uncomfortable for the cat, especially if done incorrectly or with too much force. It is best to avoid picking up a cat by its scruff unless it is necessary for medical reasons and done by a professional veterinarian.
Your cat is in heat.
Yes, a cat can get lost easily if it is allowed to roam outside.
Assuming that the cat you are asking about has always been an indoor cat and never been outside then it depends on how long the cat was outside. If outside only briefly then a quick inspection of the cat by you to ensure the cat is ok will probably suffice. If outside for an extended period of time unsupervised, then a visit to the veternarian is probably a good idea. Have the Vet check to make sure all shots and vaccinations are current, there is no pregnacy, and whatever else is necessary for him to give the cat a clean bill of health..
A domestic cat's bite force would be anywhere from 300 - 500 PSI
Cats are originally desert cats, so it won't be too bad for them, but it isn't good for any mammal to be outside in extreme heat. Make sure your cat has plenty of water.
This is a myth and a black cat is not bad luck.
Cat woman is a Bad guy and Stinks.
That depends entirely on what specific bad thing your cat did.