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SAR dogs are "Search and Rescue" dogs. They are specially trained to track and find lost people. SAR dogs were used in the World Trade Center disaster to search for victims buried in the ruble of the twin towers.

Dogs have 25 times more olfactory receptors than humans do. Their noses are structured to process scents efficiently and their brains are wired to interpret olfactory information better than human brains. Dogs can sense odors at concentrations nearly 100 million times lower than humans can. For example, they can detect one drop of blood in five quarts of water.

SAR dogs are trained to use this superior scenting ability to help their human handlers find missing people. They might search for a child or mentally challenged person who has wandered off, for a person lost after an accident, for a victim trapped in debris, or even for a person who has been abducted.

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Search and Rescue (SAR) dogs are trained to find missing people by scent. They may be asked to search for lost hikers, follow a lost child, or search collapsed buildings for survivors, such as the World Trade Center disaster. SAR dogs are trained differently from other tracking dogs. Police dogs are trained to follow the exact path of the person they are pursuing. This is important because evidence may be dropped as the person runs. SAR dogs are usually trained to air scent rather than track. They search with their heads up to detect the scent of humans in the air, then follow that scent to its source. It is a somewhat less reliable form of scenting than "foot step tracking" done by police dogs, but when it works it finds the missing person faster. If the person has doubled back on themselves a few times, which lost people often do, the SAR dog can skip the extra loops of the track and go right to the person in a straight line. Typically SAR dogs are partnered with a single handler who is specially trained to guide the dog in the search and with whom the dog lives and forms a strong working relationship and bond.


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