"Phalanges" refer to the bones in the fingers and toes of humans and many other animals. Each finger and toe contains three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal) except for the thumb and big toe, which have two. These bones play a crucial role in the dexterity and functionality of the hands and feet, allowing for a wide range of movements. The term is derived from the Greek word "phalanges," meaning "lines of battle," due to the arrangement of these bones.