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The main source of energy for ruminants comes from the fermentation of fibrous plant materials in their stomachs, particularly cellulose. This process occurs in the rumen, where specialized microbes break down the plant material, producing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) that serve as the primary energy source. Additionally, ruminants can utilize proteins and carbohydrates from their diet, but the fermentation process is crucial for their energy metabolism. Overall, the ability to digest fibrous plants enables ruminants to thrive on a herbivorous diet.

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