Heterochromia
The brown allele is recessive. Think: Blue = B, and brown = b Your friend is Bb, or heterozygous for the gene. In heterozygotes, the expressed phenotype is the dominant gene, which in this case, apparently, is blue. Thus, because your friend does not have brown eyes, the brown allele must be recessive.
A person with brown eyes can carry the blue eye allele because brown is a dominant trait, so they can have both blue and brown alleles in their genotype. However, a person with blue eyes cannot have a brown eye allele because blue eyes are a recessive trait, meaning they must have two copies of the blue allele in their genotype to express the trait.
are likely heterozygous for eye color. This means you have two different alleles for eye color - one for brown eyes and one for blue eyes. The dominant allele for brown eyes may result in you having brown eyes, but you still carry the blue eye allele.
An allele that is always expressed when it is present is the dominant allele.
blue eyes blonde hair etc.. brown eyes and brown hair are dominant
My dad has brown eyes and my mom have blue eyes.
Brown eyes are considered dominant over blue eyes. This means that if a person has one parent with brown eyes and one parent with blue eyes, they are more likely to have brown eyes. However, eye color inheritance can be complex and is controlled by multiple genes.
Normally, no, they can't. This is because the allele for blue eyes is recessive, whereas the allele for brown eyes is dominant. Since both parents have blue eyes they are both homozygous recessive ie. carrying only blue eye alleles. Since both parents only carry the blue eye allele they can only pass blue eye allele on to their children. BUT, there is a fractionally small possibility that a spontaneous mutation could occur in the eye colour gene in one of their gametes that would change an allele for blue eyes into an allele for brown eyes. If this gamete then takes part in fertilization then the resultant child will have brown eyes because they are now heterozygous (one blue eye allele, one brown eye allele) with the brown eye allele being dominant. ALSO, it could happen if one of your prospective parents is a chimera - a person who has effectively two genotypes because their cells originate from two different zygotes. If one of your prospective grandparents had brown eyes and gave a brown eye allele to one of this chimera's genotypes (the one responsible for forming gametes) while the other genotype of this chimera (the one responsible for forming eyes) had only blue eyed alleles, this blue eyed person could form gametes with brown eye alleles and hence have a brown eyed baby. Human chimeras are extremely rare, but an example would be Lydia Fairchild. Isn't genetics wonderful?
The probability of having a blue-eyed child depends on the genetic makeup of the parents. If both parents carry the recessive allele for blue eyes (Bb), where "B" represents the brown eye allele and "b" represents the blue eye allele, there is a 25% chance of having a blue-eyed child (bb). If one or both parents have brown eyes but carry the blue eye allele, the probability may vary. If neither parent has the blue eye allele, the probability of having a blue-eyed child is 0%.
If what you're asking is how did your mother get blue eyes, then I can answer that. Brown is the most common eye color, meaning that it is obviously the dominant allele. Your mother must have gotten two recessive alleles for blue eyes; it's the only way that the recessive blue wouldn't be masked by the dominant brown.
An allele is the different forms of a gene. For example the gene for eye colour has the alleles; brown, blue, green etc. In every person there are two alleles for every gene but both alleles are not always the same. They can be dominant and recessive; dominant alleles are expressed no matter what other allele is present, recessive alleles require both alleles to be the recessive one to be expressed. E.g. say B is the allele for brown eyes and b is the allele for blue eyes. Brown is dominant therefore if someone had Bb or BB they'd have brown eyes and if they had bb their eyes would be blue.
To put it simply, if the maternal allele is BB which codes for blue eyes and the paternal allele is CC which codes for black eyes, the child may have BC, which may code for brown eyes. (Obviously blue+black doesn't give you brown, but you get my meaning)