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Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the American Bison ranged from the Appalachian Mountains of the east to the Rocky Mountains of the west and was hunted by nearly every North American tribe.

By the time of the European arrival, the Bison had nearly disappeared from the east, and ranged from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. Hunting the Bison herds as they moved about in this region was the way of life of the nomadic Plains Indians, which included over 20 distinct tribes. Most of the larger tribes such as the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho were divided into western, northern and southern branches with numerous bands in each branch.

The famous Western Sioux tribe, for example, was known as the Lakota Sioux or Teton Sioux and included bands such as the Oglala Sioux, the Brule Sioux, the Hunkpapa Sioux, and the Minneconjou Sioux.

Other notable nomadic Plains tribes were the Crow, Blackfoot, Comanche, Shoshone, Kiowaand Kiowa Apache.

There were also non-nomadic tribes who lived in fixed villages and hunted Bison when they came into the area, but did not follow the herds. Some of these hunter-farmer tribes were the Iowa, Mandan, Nez Perce, Pawnee, Santee, Wichita and Yankton.

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15y ago

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