Bottom-up budgeting as applied to project management has advantages. It ensures the resources are getting to the people actually doing the work of the project.
Top-down budgeting works the opposite direction of bottom-up budgeting. Top-down budgeting begins by estimating the costs of higher level tasks, and then those estimates will constrain the estimates for costs of lower level tasks. So the entire process of coming up with a budget will begin with upper-level management and an overall estimate of the entire project. Then the overall budget is divided among the first level of tasks, and then the budget is divided among lower level tasks and then lower level tasks. This continues until funding has been given to all of the tasks necessary for a project.
Applied Management Sciences Institute
they are applied in organizing, planning, coordinating and controlling the organisation
Management is about being effective and efficient thus, society's resources will be utilized and allocated properly if management principles are applied.
Key account management is simply account management applied to a companies most important customers. It will include project management and developing relationships.
Top-down budgeting works the opposite direction of bottom-up budgeting. Top-down budgeting begins by estimating the costs of higher level tasks, and then those estimates will constrain the estimates for costs of lower level tasks. So the entire process of coming up with a budget will begin with upper-level management and an overall estimate of the entire project. Then the overall budget is divided among the first level of tasks, and then the budget is divided among lower level tasks and then lower level tasks. This continues until funding has been given to all of the tasks necessary for a project.
Leonard Stitelman has written: 'Cost utility analysis applied to library budgeting' -- subject(s): Program budgeting
Applied Management Sciences Institute
study and practice of management tools at work
they are applied in organizing, planning, coordinating and controlling the organisation
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methods money machinery manpower management motivation
FOM - Hochschule für Oekonomie und Management - University of Applied Sciences was created in 1993.
Management is about being effective and efficient thus, society's resources will be utilized and allocated properly if management principles are applied.
is scientific management relevance today? it is still applied today in modern technology.
Organizational behavior is applied by streamlining workers, management, and other company behaviors after careful study.
Key account management is simply account management applied to a companies most important customers. It will include project management and developing relationships.