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Today managers need to perform various functions. As per French Industrialist Henri Fayol, all managers perform five management functions : They (i) plan, (ii) organize, (iii) command, (iv) co-ordinate, and (v) control. In present days these have been condensed into four:

(i) Planning

(ii) Organizing

(iii) Leading and

(iv) Controlling

Planning: All the organizations exist to achieve goals and these goals and means to achieve them have to be defined. Management does the same. The planning function encompasses defining an organization's goals, establishing and overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate activities.

Organizing: Organizing is the process of designing an organization's structure. It includes determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do theme, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decision are to be made.

Leading: Every organization contains people and it is management's function to direct and coordinate these people and this is called leading. Managers motivate employees, direct the activities of others, select the most effective communication channel, or resolve conflicts among others as part of leading functions.

Controlling: The final function managers perform is controlling. To ensure that things are going as they should, management must monitor the organization's performance. Actual performance must be compared with the previously set goals. If there are any significant deviations, its management's job to get the organization back on track. This monitoring, comparing, and potential correcting is what is meant by the controlling function.

As per Henry Mintzberg managers perform 10 different, highly interrelated roles, or sets of behaviours attributable to their jobs. These roles can be grouped into three categories

1. Interpersonal Roles:

(i) Figurehead: Symbolic head; required to perform a number of routine duties of a legal or social nature.

(ii) Leader: Responsible for motivation and direction of employees.

(iii) Liaison: Maintain a network of outside contacts who provide favours and information.

2. Informational Roles:

(i) Monitor: Receives wide variety of information; serves as nerve centre of internal and external information of the organization.

(ii) Disseminator: Transmits information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization.

(iii) Spokesperson: Transmits information to outsiders on organization plans, policies, actions, and results.

3. Decisional Roles:

(i) Entrepreneur: Searches organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change.

(ii) Disturbance handler: Responsible for corrective action when organization faces important unexpected disturbance.

(iii) Resource Allocator: Make or approves significant organizational decisions.

(iv) Negotiator:Responsible for representing the organization at major negotiations.

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