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Data Redundancy and Inconsistency:

Data redundancy: The presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data are stored in more than one place or location.

Data inconsistency: The same attribute may have different values.

Program-Data dependency

The coupling of data stored in files and the specific programs required to update and maintain those files such that changes in programs require changes to the data.

Lack of flexibility

A traditional file system can deliver routine scheduled reports after extensive programming efforts, but it cannot deliver ad-hoc reports or respond to unanticipated information requirements in a timely fashion.

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