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An organization executes a wide variety of activities as part of its work to achieve its business objectives. Some of these activities are to support projects and others are to support what are called operations. An operation is a set of tasks that does not qualify to be a project. In other words, an operation is a function that performs ongoing tasks: It does not produce a unique product and nor does it have a beginning or an end or both.

For example, Building your house is a project, whereas maintaining/cleaning it regularly is an operation.

It is important to understand that projects and operations share some characteristics, such as the following:

• Both require resources, including human resources (people).

• Both are constrained to limited, as opposed to unlimited, resources.

• Both are managed-that is, planned, executed, and controlled.

• Both have objectives.

The distinctions between projects and operations can be made by sticking to the definition of a project-that it is temporary and unique. Operations are generally ongoing and repetitive. Although both projects and operations have objectives, a project ends when its objectives are met, whereas an operation continues toward attaining a new set of objectives when the current set of objectives has been attained.

Go back to our example, building your house is a one time activity (Project) whereas, cleaning the house once every week to keep dirt and rodents away is a recurring activity (Operation) that has to be done every week, unless you intend on sharing your residence with rats and cockroaches!!!

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