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M is pronounced "em", as in "them". It was chosen because the Latin word for "thousand" is "mille", but also because it derives from the symbol ⋈, which is not much different from the Latin symbol M. Earlier versions of the symbol were: ∞, ↀ, Ψ, ⊗ and ⊕. By Augustinian times it was partially identified with the Greek letter phi Φ.

In the Middle Ages, ↀ was used with a special notation to denote large numbers, such as ↂ for 10,000. It could also be written as CIƆ (1000) and CCIƆƆ (10,000), and so on. This seems to be attributed to the evolution of C, which began as Ж (an X with an I superimposed), which became >I< and finally ƆIC, before being shortened to C under the influence of the Latin word "centum", meaning "hundred".

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13y ago

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