xii - i - mmv
December 23, 2009 is written as XXIII.XII.MMIX in Roman numerals.
On Converting between Arabic and Roman Numbers ,we get : dec in roman numerals is : XII
Dec. XXVll, MMVll
The old roman calendar such as December mean 10 month because dec mean 10.
Dec 4 1960 was a Sunday.
December 23, 2009 is written as XXIII.XII.MMIX in Roman numerals.
Xv xii mmv
On Converting between Arabic and Roman Numbers ,we get : dec in roman numerals is : XII
XII.I.MMX
Dec. XXVll, MMVll
December is written as DECEMBER also except that the Romans abbreviated them by using the first 3 letters followed by a period. therefore December is written as DEC.
There being only 7 symbols to consider (IVXLCDM), conversion is easily achieved in any number of ways. In general, numerals are formed from left to right, largest value to smallest. However, if a smaller value precedes a larger value, the smaller value is subtracted from the larger value (or is negated). This can lead to problems such as IVX. Reading left to right this would become 10 - ( 5 - 1 ) = 10 - 4 = 6. There's nothing wrong with this, but most people would accept 6 = VI, not IVX. The problem is there has never been an official standard relating to how Roman numerals are formed. Decimal 1999 could be represented as MCMXCIX or MIM or MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII or even a mixed format like MCMXCVIIII. All are intrinsically correct. However, only the first example conforms to what many would consider to be the "unofficial" standard, whereby certain combinations are no longer permitted (such as IIII, IM and VX). This standard has been incorporated into the following code. #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { char roman[11]; int decimal[10]; memset( roman, 0, 11 ); memset( decimal, 0, 10 * sizeof( int )); cout << endl; cout << "Enter a Roman number (max. 10 chars from I, V, X, L, C, D or M): "; cin.getline( roman, 11, '\n' ); strupr( roman ); // convert to uppercase for consistency // check validity, including all invalid combinations if( !strlen( roman ) ( strspn( roman, "IVXLCDM") != strlen( roman )) ( strstr( roman, "IIII" )) ( strstr( roman, "XXXX" )) ( strstr( roman, "CCCC" )) ( strstr( roman, "MMMM")) ( strstr( roman, "IL" )) ( strstr( roman, "IC" )) ( strstr( roman, "ID" )) ( strstr( roman, "IM" )) ( strstr( roman, "XD" )) ( strstr( roman, "XM" )) ( strstr( roman, "VX" )) ( strstr( roman, "VL" )) ( strstr( roman, "VC" )) ( strstr( roman, "VD" )) ( strstr( roman, "VM" )) ( strstr( roman, "LC" )) ( strstr( roman, "LD" )) ( strstr( roman, "LM" )) ( strstr( roman, "DM" )) ( strstr( roman, "IIV" )) ( strstr( roman, "IIX" )) ( strstr( roman, "XXL" )) ( strstr( roman, "XXC" )) ( strstr( roman, "CCD" )) ( strstr( roman, "CCM" ))) { cout << roman << " is not a valid roman number." << endl; return( -1 ); } // convert to decimal, in reverse order. int c = 9, total = 0; while( c >= 0 ) { switch( roman[c] ) { case('I'): decimal[c] = 1; break; case('V'): decimal[c] = 5; break; case('X'): decimal[c] = 10; break; case('L'): decimal[c] = 50; break; case('C'): decimal[c] = 100; break; case('D'): decimal[c] = 500; break; case('M'): decimal[c] = 1000; break; } if( c < 9 ) // subtraction required? if( decimal[c] < decimal[c+1] ) decimal[c] *= (-1); // negate // update total. total += decimal[c--]; } cout << "Roman " << roman << " is decimal " << total << endl; return( 0 ); }
Function dec2rom(dec As Integer) As String dec2rom = "" While dec >= 1000 dec2rom += "M" dec -= 1000 End While If dec >= 900 Then dec2rom += "CM" dec -= 900 End If If dec >= 500 Then dec2rom += "D" dec -= 500 End If If dec >= 400 Then dec2rom += "CD" dec -= 400 End If While dec >= 100 dec2rom += "C" dec -= 100 End While If dec >= 90 Then dec2rom += "XC" dec -= 90 End If If dec >= 50 Then dec2rom += "L" dec -= 50 End If If dec >= 40 Then dec2rom += "XL" dec -= 40 End If While dec >= 10 dec2rom += "X" dec -= 10 End While If dec >= 9 Then dec2rom += "IX" dec -= 9 End If If dec >= 5 Then dec2rom += "V" dec -= 5 End If If dec >= 4 Then dec2rom += "IV" dec -= 4 End If While dec dec2rom += "I" dec -= 1 End While End Function Sub Main() Dim year = 1999 Console.Write("The year ") Console.Write(year) Console.Write(" in Roman numerals is ") Console.Write(dec2rom(year)) Console.WriteLine() End Sub
Function dec2rom(dec As Integer) As String dec2rom = "" While dec >= 1000 dec2rom += "M" dec -= 1000 End While If dec >= 900 Then dec2rom += "CM" dec -= 900 End If If dec >= 500 Then dec2rom += "D" dec -= 500 End If If dec >= 400 Then dec2rom += "CD" dec -= 400 End If While dec >= 100 dec2rom += "C" dec -= 100 End While If dec >= 90 Then dec2rom += "XC" dec -= 90 End If If dec >= 50 Then dec2rom += "L" dec -= 50 End If If dec >= 40 Then dec2rom += "XL" dec -= 40 End If While dec >= 10 dec2rom += "X" dec -= 10 End While If dec >= 9 Then dec2rom += "IX" dec -= 9 End If If dec >= 5 Then dec2rom += "V" dec -= 5 End If If dec >= 4 Then dec2rom += "IV" dec -= 4 End If While dec dec2rom += "I" dec -= 1 End While End Function
Bill. Sharp has written: 'Inside DEC' -- subject(s): DEC computers
The #1 single on the Billboard Hot 100 on 30 Dec 2005 was Don't Forget About Us by Mariah Carey.
7 Jan 2005 to 31 Dec 2029 is 9124 days.