in earlier times time was measured by sandclock or waterclock
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clocks tell you what time it is
I'm pretty sure they measured it by using a tool called a sun dial. It's powered by the sun's shadows. sun dials, water drop clocks, sinking clocks, candles - to name a few. =================================================== The sundial is the world's oldest scientific instrument.
The longer the length of the pendulum, the longer the time taken for the pendulum to complete 1 oscillation.
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The longer a pendulum is, the more time it takes a pendulum takes to complete a period of time. If a clock is regulated by a pendulum and it runs fast, you can make it run slower by making the pendulum longer. Likewise, if the clock runs slow, you can make your clock run faster by making the pendulum shorter. (What a pendulum actually does is measure the ratio between time and gravity at a particular location, but that is beyond the scope of this answer.)