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The way we calculate Roman numerals today are different in the way that the Romans actually did themselves because of changes to the rules governing the Roman numeral system introduced during the Middle Ages.

In all probability the ingenious Romans would have added the above numbers when converted into Roman numerals in the following manner:-

M + CM = CMM

CMM + XC = XMM

XMM + IX = IMM

IMM + I = MM

Hindu-Arabic conversion:-

1000 + 900 = 1900

1900 + 90 = 1990

1990 + 9 = 1999

1999 + 1 = 2000

For more complicated calculations the Romans would use an abacus counting device.

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