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Today we would write out 99 and 19 in Roman numerals as XCIX and XIX respectively but during the times of the Romans they were calculated as LXXXXVIIII and XVIIII then probably simplified to IC and IXX in written form.

In fact the Latin word for IC is 'undecentum' which means one from a hundred and the Latin word for IXX is 'undeviginti' which means one from twenty. The numerals written out in this form makes multiplication a lot easier because:-

I*IC = +I-C

X*IC = -X+M

X*IC = -X+M

Compilation: MMI-CXX = MDCCCLXXXI (2001-120 = 1881)

Remember that a minus numeral multiplied by a minus numeral produces a positive numeral. So: -I*-I = I

For more complicated calculations the Romans would use an abacus counting board.

Equivalents: M=1000, D=500, C=100, L=50, X=10, V=5 and I=1

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