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SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a family of cryptographic hash functions designed by the National Security Agency (NSA) and published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. It includes six hash functions with varying output lengths: SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224, and SHA-512/256. SHA-2 is widely used for data integrity verification, digital signatures, and password hashing due to its strong resistance to collision attacks and pre-image attacks. It is a fundamental component of many security protocols and systems.
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