Analgesics are medications used to relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness. They can be classified into non-opioid analgesics, such as acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioid analgesics, like morphine and oxycodone. Analgesics work by blocking pain signals in the brain or reducing inflammation, helping to alleviate discomfort from various conditions. Proper use is essential to manage pain effectively while minimizing potential side effects or dependency.