Sedimentology is the study of sediments, including their origin, transport, deposition, and the processes that shape sedimentary environments. It examines both clastic and chemical sediments, focusing on their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. This field is crucial for understanding sedimentary rock formation, paleoenvironments, and resources like oil and gas. Sedimentologists use various techniques to analyze sedimentary structures, grain size, and composition to interpret geological history.