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The above numbers converted into Roman numerals are M, CM, XC, XII and IX respectively whereas notwithstanding today's enumeration of Roman numerals the Romans themselves would have probably calculated them in the following manner:-

M+CM = CMM (1000+900 = 1900)

CMM+XC = XMM (1900+90 = 1990)

XMM+XII = MMII (1990+12 = 2002)

MII+IX = MMXI (2002+9 = 2011)

Alternatively the Romans could have calculated these numerals on an abacus counting device giving the same result as follows:-

M+DCCCC = MDCCCC (1000+900 = 1900)

MDCCCC+LXXXX = MDCCCCLXXXX (1900+90 = 1990)

MDCCCCLXXXX+XII = MMII (1990+12 = 2002)

MMII+VIIII = MMXI (2002+9 = 2011)

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