Use periods to indicate that each letter in an abbreviation stands for a separate word.
APA style is one of the most popular documentation styles used today. Unlike MLA it does require parenthetical citations instead of footnotes.
The common abbreviation used for "about" is "abt." but there is no abbreviation for "on" as it is too short to need one.
The abbreviation for "sample" is often "smpl." This abbreviation is commonly used in various contexts, including research and analytics. In some cases, you might also see "smp" used as an abbreviation.
"adj" is the abbreviation used for the word "adjective".
In a parenthetical citation, typically you use parentheses, author's last name, and page number (if available) to cite your source. If there's no page number, use the author's last name. Abbreviations like "et al." can be used for sources with multiple authors (e.g., Smith et al.).
Parenthetical citation is typically used when the source information is directly quoted or paraphrased within the text, while narrative citation is used when the author's name is integrated into the sentence. Use parenthetical citation when the source information needs to be clearly attributed without interrupting the flow of the writing.
The em dash can be used to indicate parenthetical elements that are emphatic or contain internal punctuation. It is a versatile punctuation mark that can set off additional information in a sentence.
Any end punctuation will work depending on the sentence.
To add a parenthetical citation in your research paper, simply include the author's last name and the page number of the source within parentheses at the end of the sentence where you used the information. For example, (Smith 25).
In a block quote, the punctuation and citation come before the closing quotation mark. In an embedded quote, the punctuation and citation come after the closing quotation mark. Additionally, block quotes are typically used for quotes that are longer than four lines in APA formatting.
The appropriate punctuation for "Inc." is a period (.) after the abbreviation.
Characteristics of parenthetical citation include placing the citation immediately after the information or quotation to be documented, including the author's last name and the page number, and are used to give credit to the original source.
Use periods to indicate that each letter in an abbreviation stands for a separate word.
Using parenthetical citation in MLA format is important when writing academic papers because it allows readers to easily locate the sources of information you have used in your paper. This helps to give credit to the original authors and avoids plagiarism.
USPS two letter codes, which are the most commonly used state abbreviations nowadays, don't use any punctuation.
A parenthetical citation is an in-text reference that follows a quote or paraphrased passage, referring to a full citation of the work in a list that follows the article or chapter. An example would be (Jones, 2010) which corresponds to a 2010 book or article by someone named Jones, with complete information in the references list. (See related APA style link below for more information.)