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Where result of arithmetic or logic operation is formed?
The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is typically formed in a temporary storage location known as a register within the CPU. After the operation is executed, the result can be stored in memory or written back to a variable in a program, depending on the context of the computation. This process allows for efficient processing and retrieval of data during calculations.
What is the process of writing the result to memory called?
The process of writing the result to memory is called "memory write" or "write-back." This involves transferring data from a processor or cache to main memory or storage. It ensures that the latest data is stored and can be accessed later, maintaining data integrity and consistency. In computer architecture, this process is often part of the overall memory management and data handling operations.
Who performs arithmetic operation on numerical data stored in registers?
Arithmetic operations are performed by using Boolean Gates in a register. A register consists of 32 or 64 bits usually. For eg we want to add two single bits A and B. We have A B Sum Carry 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 Now, clearly Sum = A (xor) B; and Carry = A (and) B If you are adding more than one bit (8 bit, say). Then you need 8 such operations. Carry from one bit will be forwarded to another bit and would be taken into consideration. Then Sum = A (xor) B (xor) Cprev Carry(new) = A (and) B + B (and) Cprev + A (and) Cprev + = (or) . = (and)
Define elastic potential energy and gravitional potential energy?
Gravitational potential energy, is the energy an object possesses by reason of its position in a gravitational field. While elastic potential energy, is the energy stored by a material or object as a result of deformation e.g. the energy stored in a bow when it is stretched.
Draw the flowchart and explain arithmetic addition and subtraction algorithm with example?
The signs use an exclusive OR gate where if the output is 0, then the signs are the same.Hence, add the magnitudes of the same signed numbers. If the sum is an overflow, then a carry is stored in E where E = 1 and transferred to the flip-flop AVF, add-overflow.Otherwise, the signs are opposite and subtraction is initiated and stored in A.No overflow can occur with subtraction so the AVF is cleared.If E = 1, then A > B.However, if A = 0, then A = B and the sign is made positive.If E = 0, then A < B and sign for A is complemented.
Explain about alu with block diagram?
An ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations on binary numbers. Its block diagram consists of input registers, a control unit, arithmetic logic circuits, and output registers. Input operands are fetched from the registers, processed by the ALU based on the control signals, and the result is stored back in the output registers. It is a critical component of a CPU responsible for executing arithmetic calculations and logical operations.
During I-time the ALU?
During I-time (Instruction time), the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) performs calculations and logical operations as specified by the instructions fetched from memory. It processes data inputs, executes arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction, and evaluates logical conditions. The results from the ALU are then sent back to the CPU for further processing or stored in memory. This cycle is crucial for executing program instructions efficiently.
What are the three basic categories of items that can be stored by memory?
Operating system and system software; application software; data being processed
Difference between a counter and a register?
A register can hold data, and it can be used for temporary storage or, in the case of an accumulator, it can participate in arithmetic or logical operations. A counter is a special case of a register. Usually, it can only be loaded, stored, or incremented, or used for the stack or as the program counter.
What is the function of two address instruction?
A two-address instruction format is used in computer architecture to simplify the instruction set by allowing operations to specify two operands: one as a source and one as a destination. This means that one operand can be overwritten with the result of the operation, streamlining the process of executing arithmetic or logical operations. It reduces the number of instructions needed for certain computations, as the result can be stored in one of the original operands. This format enhances efficiency in both instruction execution and memory usage.
Which are the possibe arithmetic operation with pointers?
Pointers in C are stored as integers. You can perform any mathematical operations on pointers that you can perform on ints.Of course not, the following operations are possible: =, +, +=, ++, -, -=, --, *, [], ->, typecast
What is an accumulator in microprocessor?
the accumulator is an 8-bit register then is part of the arithmetic/logic unit(ALU). this register is used to store to store 8-bit data and to perform arithmetic & logical operation. the result of an operation is stored in the accumulator. the accumulator is also identified as register A.
What activities are carried out by the ALU?
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is an essential component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU). It performs various operations related to arithmetic and logic. One of the primary activities of the ALU is arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. These operations are performed on binary numbers, which are represented in the form of bits. The ALU can perform these operations on two or more operands, depending on the instruction given by the CPU. The ALU also performs logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR. These operations are used to manipulate the bits in the operands to produce a desired output. For example, the AND operation returns a 1 only if both the operands have a 1 in the same position. Besides these basic operations, the ALU also performs comparison operations. It compares two operands and produces an output indicating whether they are equal, greater than, or less than each other. The ALU also performs shift operations, which involve moving the bits in an operand left or right by a certain number of positions. Shift operations are useful in programming, where they can be used to manipulate data stored in registers. Finally, the ALU can also perform other operations such as incrementing and decrementing. These operations are used to modify the value of a register or memory location. In summary, the ALU performs a variety of operations related to arithmetic, logic, comparison, and manipulation of binary numbers. Its efficient operation is crucial for the overall performance of a computer's CPU.
What is arithematic unit?
An arithmetic unit is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that performs basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It is responsible for carrying out mathematical calculations on data stored in the computer's memory.
What are the functions of accumalater?
In computers, an accumulator is an 8-bit register that is a part of ALU (Arithmatic-Logic Unit) of a processor.It is used for temporary storage of 8-bit data and to perform arithmatic operations like addition,subtraction,multiplication,division or logical operations like AND,OR,XOR etc.The result of operation is stored in accumulator.
What is the function of ADD M instruction?
The ADD M instruction in assembly language is used to add the value stored at the memory address specified by the operand M to the accumulator (usually denoted as A). After the addition, the result is stored back in the accumulator. This instruction facilitates arithmetic operations involving data stored in memory, enabling the processor to perform calculations using both immediate and memory-resident values.
Where data is stored in CPU?
No data is stored in the CPU. The CPU only performs arithmetic and logical operations. However, the CPU is provided with a small memory unit called cache, which rapidly feeds the CPU with data to calculate.
