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For the same reason 10 equals ten in the Latin alphabet. It is a symbol for a number. That is; 10 is not a number, it is merely the symbolic representation of the number we now call ten.

The origin of the symbol can be traced to the Greek alphabet, where the symbol X was known as the letter chi. The Etruscan alphabet inherited the symbol and, it is thought, it became associated with the number ten through their use of tally-sticks, where a single notch represented a unit (which became I), and every fifth notch was double cut (making an inverted V) and every tenth was cross-cut (making an X). When the Romans arrived, it is thought they derived I, V and X from these symbols. Thus the Roman numeral X came to be associated with the number we call ten.

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