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An air brake uses a diaphragm connected to an operating rod to work the brake. Behind the diaphragm there is a spring which applies the breaking force at all times. To release the break either pressure is applied to the other side of the diaphragm or a vacuum is applied to the spring side. Because the diaphragm has a large surface area just a few p.s.i. can produce a large force. E.g. A 8 inch diameter unit would produce over 700 lbs thrust at 14psi this force is often further amplified by the leverage of the linkage. This arrangement makes the brake fail to the safe "on" state.

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