proof stress can be found by referring to the stress/strain curve at the point where strain is = 0.2% original volume (the material has grown 0.2% in volume) proof stress will be given as a measurement of energy (MPa,KPa etc.) as it specifically refers to the amount of energy required to stress the material to 0.2% its original volume.
swept volume
A vacuum pump is any device which does work to transfer air from one volume to another volume, and thereby reducing the pressure of the first volume. There are several different types of vacuum pumps available, each operating over different pressure ranges.
Gallium
If the pressure of a wet vapour is ≤ 2000 kPa and the dryness fraction is ≥ 0.9, then (if you wish) you may use: Vx=XVg ; where Vx is the specific volume you are solving for, X is dryness fraction and Vg is the specific volume of the saturated vapour at the given state (pressure, temp, etc).Otherwise use: Vx = (1 - X)Vf + XVg ; and in this case Vf being the specific volume of the saturated liquid at the given state.The specific volume of wet steam is quite simply, the volume per given mass of the vapour at the given dryness fraction (or steam quality). In the case of wet steam it is solved for by a function of the relationship between the percentage saturated liquid, and the percentage saturated vapour in terms of specific volumes for the two obtained from a data chart.
The elastic strain energy per unit volume, also known as the strain energy density, can be derived by integrating the stress-strain curve over the strain range. The area under the stress-strain curve represents the work done on the material, which is equivalent to the strain energy stored. By dividing this strain energy by the volume of the material, the strain energy density per unit volume can be obtained.
Volumetric strain of a deformed body is defined as the ratio of the change in volume of the body to the deformation to its original volume. If V is the original volum and dV the change in volume occurred due to the deformation, the volumetric strain ev induced is given by ev =dV/V Consider a uniform rectangular bar of length l, breadth b and depth d as shown in figure. Its volume V is given by, This means that volumetric strain of a deformed body is the sum of the linear strains in three mutually perpendicular directions.
proof stress can be found by referring to the stress/strain curve at the point where strain is = 0.2% original volume (the material has grown 0.2% in volume) proof stress will be given as a measurement of energy (MPa,KPa etc.) as it specifically refers to the amount of energy required to stress the material to 0.2% its original volume.
Stress is the load per unit area acting within a material. It can be thought of as the internal resistive response of a material to an externally applied pressure.Strain is the change in shape of an object in response to external pressure or internal stress. To complicate matters, strain causes the transmission of stress through an object (as in simple terms the strain causes an internal "movement" causing one part of the inside of an object to press against the material next to it generating stress in this region, this in turn can cause more strain and so on!).There are a number of differing types of strain, for example axial strain is defined as the change in length relative to the original length of an object (e.g. a steel wire being stretched). This change in shape is also called deformation. Volumetric strain occurs when an object is squashed or pulled on all sides leading to a change in volume.
Strain is dimensionless quantity because strain is the ratio of the same quantities like change in length/original length,,change in volume/original volume. e.g tensile strain=(change in length)/(original length)=m/m (S.I unit) so its a dimensionless quantity.
Strain energy due to torsion is the energy stored in a material when it is twisted under a torque load. It is calculated as the integral of shear stress and strain over the volume of the material. This energy represents the ability of the material to deform plastically under torsional loading.
Volumetric strain of a deformed body is defined as the ratio of the change in volume of the body to the deformation to its original volume. If V is the original volum and dV the change in volume occurred due to the deformation, the volumetric strain ev induced is given by ev =dV/V Consider a uniform rectangular bar of length l, breadth b and depth d as shown in figure. Its volume V is given by, This means that volumetric strain of a deformed body is the sum of the linear strains in three mutually perpendicular directions.
The modulus of elasticity , E, relates tensile stress to tensile strain The modulus of rigidity, G, relates shear stress to shear strain The bulk modulus, K, relates compressive stress to volume strain The three are related using u, poisson ratio of material, that varies generally from 0 to 0.5 E = 9K/ (1 + 3K/G) G = E/2(1+u) G = 3(1-2u)K/2(1+u)
Stress is the force per area, which has the same units as pressure. An elastic material's response to stress is called the strain which is the change in its dimensions divided by its original dimension, such as a change in length divided by length, or change in volume divided by volume. It is a fundamental law that the stress is proportional to the strain, with the proportionality constant being the elastic modulus of the material, Young's modulus for change in length or the the compressibility for change in volume. For shear forces, the modulus is called the shear modulus and the strain is the deformation in the direction of the force divided by the distance from the fixed base that the forces is exerted.
Yes, solid objects have a defined volume, which is the amount of space they occupy in three-dimensional space. This volume is constant unless the object undergoes a change in shape or size.
yes
Specific power: The power generated or used per unit mass or volume. Gravity: The natural force of attraction between two masses. Near Earth's surface, gravity gives objects weight and causes them to fall towards the center of the planet. Power stress: The amount of power applied to a material per unit area, causing deformation or failure. Strain: The measure of how much a material deforms under stress, usually expressed as a ratio of the change in size to the original size.