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The Drop Weight Tear Test (DWTT) is a test used to determine the fracture properties of steel at certain temperatures, and also to determine the temperature at which a steel transitions from ductile to brittle fractures. The test is performed by dropping a weighted hammer on to a full-thickness standard sized (usually 12" by 3") and notched sample, causing the sample to fracture ("tear") completely through the middle. The fractured surface is then observed and measured to determine what percentage of the "torn" area is ductile fracture. Ductile fractures are desired because they mitigate how fast and far fractures travel through the steel. The temperature at which this test is performed is important because steel becomes more likely to experience brittle fracture (which is not desired) at lower temperatures.

The advantage of this test is that it can be used on full-thickness specimens, providing a more accurate demonstration of how the steel would fracture in a real application. This test is required by API standards for certain sizes and grades of steel line pipe for oil, gas, and petroleum products, to demonstrate that the pipe can experience ductile fracture at reasonably low temperatures.

Sources:

Seeing and running DWTT's first hand

ASTM E436

API 5L

API 5L3

"Don't drop the drop-weight tear test" by Dr. Andrew Cosham et al.

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