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Carbon is primary hardening element in steel. Hardness and tensile strength increases as carbon content increases upto 0.85%. Ductility and weldability decreases as carbon content increases.

If the solution of carbon and liquid iron is solidified slowly the carbon tends to separate out in the form of graphite flakes (Grey cast iron). It is easily machinable. If the same iron is cast and colled quickly, it is hard and has a higher tensile strength, is difficult to machine (white cast iron).

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Why is the percentage of carbon content in steel varied?

The percentage of carbon content in steel varies to achieve different mechanical properties and performance characteristics. Higher carbon content typically increases hardness and tensile strength, making the steel suitable for applications like cutting tools. Conversely, lower carbon content enhances ductility and weldability, which is essential for structural applications. This adaptability allows engineers to tailor steel for specific uses by adjusting carbon levels.


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