Firstly, vacuum is being created in turbine exhaust and condenser rather than being required.
It is created to reduce the back-pressures and to improve the turbine efficiency.
Also, with vacuum the designers can design large size last stage blades of LP turbine for maximizing the turbine output.
The steam turbine is a device to convert the heat energy in steam to mechanical power. The difference between the heat of steam per unit mass at the inlet to the turbine and the heat of steam per unit mass at the outlet to the turbine represents the heat which is converted to mechanical power. Therefore, the more the conversion of heat per kilogram of steam to mechanical power in the turbine, the better is its efficiency. By condensing the exhaust steam of a turbine at a pressure below atmospheric pressure, the steam pressure drop between the inlet and exhaust of the turbine is increased, which increases the amount of heat available for conversion to mechanical power.
specially to extract condesate from the turbine.
If you are talking about a condenser attached to a steam turbine, then a vacuum is important because it extends the usefulness of the steam in the turbine. As you probably know, steam begins to condense back into water at 212 deg at atmospheric pressure. However, in a vacuum condition, the boiling and condensing temperature is lower. Because the condenser is under a vacuum, steam exits the turbine and enters the condenser around 130 deg. This results in more power (mega watts).
A steam turbine condenser equipped with ejectors is usually fitted with two ejectors. The larger of the two is called the hogger and the smaller the huffer. Steam turbines are designed for efficiency and thus attempt to extract as much energy from the steam passing thru as is physically possible. Energy is extracted as both temperature and pressure decrease. The lower the temperature and pressure at the steam turbine's exhaust the more energy can be extracted from the steam. For this reason it is desirable for the steam turbine condenser (the exhaust) to be at the lowest temperature and pressure possible. The hogger, or hogging jet, is a large steam powered ejector that causes the steam condenser to operate under a near perfect vacuum whilst the steam turbine is in the start-up phase. In steady state operation the cooling effect of the condenser cooling water of the steam causes the condenser to operate under a nearly self sustained vacuum. The hogger is necessary in the start-up phase to prevent steam from condensing to water in the final stages of the turbine before the steam flow and cooling effect of the condenser can establish vacuum. The huffer or huffing jet runs continuously whilst the turbine is operating to remove any non-condensable gasses (i.e. air) that might leak into the condenser. It is nearly impossible to perfectly seal a condenser and turbine from air-in leakage. It should be noted that modern, large steam turbines do not employ steam ejectors to establish and maintain condenser vacuum. Modern designs utilize motor driven mechanical vacuum pumps.
gland condenser is a type of condenser in which steam which is coming from d turbine is used for the heating of demineralised water and then this water is sent to the boiler so boiling of hot water consumes less coal and thus we get benifit of it
You want the rupture disk located at the LP exhust side of the steam turbine. This is placed here to prevent over pressure of the condencer in case loss of vacuum occurs. It is not placed in the condencer because the condencer is not rated for pressure.
vaccum is created i steam turbine after giving its heat to cooling water when it happens i mean rection of giving heat to cooling water energy is required to complete this process and that energy will drawn from surrounding atmosphere so in that way vaccum is created
A kenotometer is an instrument used in steam turbine condensers to measure the vacuum in the steam space of the condenser. The vacuum achieved by the condenser has significant influence on the efficiency of the steam turbine.
For increasing steam turbine efficiency. if vacuum is not maintained then, uncondensable gases and air in condenser will increase the condenser pressure.
If you are talking about a condenser attached to a steam turbine, then a vacuum is important because it extends the usefulness of the steam in the turbine. As you probably know, steam begins to condense back into water at 212 deg at atmospheric pressure. However, in a vacuum condition, the boiling and condensing temperature is lower. Because the condenser is under a vacuum, steam exits the turbine and enters the condenser around 130 deg. This results in more power (mega watts).
It is important to maintain a vacuum in a condenser if you want it to work well.
In the low pressure side of a steam turbine, the vacuum is maintained by the condensation of steam in the condenser. At high loads, the condenser may not satisify the demand, allowing steam to remain gaseous for a longer period of time. This can cause pressure to rise.
A steam turbine condenser equipped with ejectors is usually fitted with two ejectors. The larger of the two is called the hogger and the smaller the huffer. Steam turbines are designed for efficiency and thus attempt to extract as much energy from the steam passing thru as is physically possible. Energy is extracted as both temperature and pressure decrease. The lower the temperature and pressure at the steam turbine's exhaust the more energy can be extracted from the steam. For this reason it is desirable for the steam turbine condenser (the exhaust) to be at the lowest temperature and pressure possible. The hogger, or hogging jet, is a large steam powered ejector that causes the steam condenser to operate under a near perfect vacuum whilst the steam turbine is in the start-up phase. In steady state operation the cooling effect of the condenser cooling water of the steam causes the condenser to operate under a nearly self sustained vacuum. The hogger is necessary in the start-up phase to prevent steam from condensing to water in the final stages of the turbine before the steam flow and cooling effect of the condenser can establish vacuum. The huffer or huffing jet runs continuously whilst the turbine is operating to remove any non-condensable gasses (i.e. air) that might leak into the condenser. It is nearly impossible to perfectly seal a condenser and turbine from air-in leakage. It should be noted that modern, large steam turbines do not employ steam ejectors to establish and maintain condenser vacuum. Modern designs utilize motor driven mechanical vacuum pumps.
Generally the condenser in the power plants are designed to operate under vacuum. The specific volume of the steam is relatively higher than water. The steam coming from the exhaust of the turbine is cooled by the circulating water and the non combustibles are removed by the air removing equipment like ejectors or vacuum pumps. In case these equipment fail condensation of steam fails and it tries to occupy more volume. As the space in the condenser is limited it is pressurized and failure would happen. More over once the condenser is pressurized the flow through the turbine is reduced considerably which leads to churning of steam in the turbine which ultimately heats the turbine blades leading to failure. Hence a tripping of turbine is introduced which cuts of steam flow into the turbine and the condenser.
why we are maintain vacuum in steam turbine at steam outlet or exhaust side
Gland steam is steam supplied to the labyrinth glands of the low pressure turbine to prevent air entering in the exhaust side, which disturbs the vacuum (± 50 mbar absolute) in the condenser. Gland steam pressure is to supply at about 0,2 bar.
gland condenser is a type of condenser in which steam which is coming from d turbine is used for the heating of demineralised water and then this water is sent to the boiler so boiling of hot water consumes less coal and thus we get benifit of it
It's the connection between the steam outlet of the turbine and the condenser to which it is attached.
You want the rupture disk located at the LP exhust side of the steam turbine. This is placed here to prevent over pressure of the condencer in case loss of vacuum occurs. It is not placed in the condencer because the condencer is not rated for pressure.