The equator, which is the imaginary line that encircles the widest point of the earth at the same distance from both the north and south pole, is a geographic definition only. As such, it cannot itself be affected by anything. Imagine putting an imaginary rubberband around an orange. If you heat up the orange, nothing is going to happen to the imaginary rubberband. However, the climate of the orange as a whole would change, therefore the climate at the position of the equator would change.
While it's not a "conveyor belt", the thermohaline conveyor transports heat, nutrients, etc., i.e., the Gulf Stream. It also keeps Europe somewhat warm as it transports warm water from the Equator to the North Atlantic.
The UK is not a frozen wasteland due to the Thermohaline Circulation of the oceans. If the oceanic conveyor of warm water was disrupted by excess fresh melt water, the UK and a substantial part of northern Europe would be under a glacier. Italy is located in the Mediterranean, which is far warmer than the north Atlantic, and is located much closer to the equator.
The normal circulation patterns of the oceans are from east to west in the north. The circulation reverses in the south moving west to east.
No. Large weather systems are affected by which hemisphere they are in, but your body would have a greater effect on the drain circulation than anything else.
Hadley Cells.
Hadley cells
Hadley cells
Hadley cells
Around the Equator
The global conveyor belt is formed by a combination of surface and deep-ocean currents. It starts with cold, dense water sinking near the poles, which then flows along the ocean bottom towards the equator. This deep water eventually rises back to the surface in regions such as the North Atlantic, creating a continuous loop of circulation.
Hadley Cells.
The type of storm that is characterized as a circulation cell is a tornado. Circulation cells are large areas of movement created by the rotation of the earth and the transfer of heat from the equator toward the poles.