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The hypothalamus releases hormones called releasing hormones. Some of the hormones they release also inhibit hormone release. So, the hypothalamus can either release:

  1. Releasing hormones, OR
  2. Release inhibiting hormones

These hormoens act on the aerior pituitary which ccuses the release oftrophic hrmones which are specific for target organs ie. Sex glands, thyroid glands, adrenal glands.

The target glands release the hormone itself, which are called the non-trophic hormones. These hormones are responsible for causing a physiological effect. The hypothalamus is under the control of external stimulus ie. stress, the CNS, diet, and the immune system.

Lots of things can control the release of releasing and release inhibitory hormones from the hypothalamus. At each level you have feedback inhibition. You get positive and negative input on the hypothalamus from outside the endocrine system and you get mostly negative influence on the hypothalamus from the anterior pituitary and the target organs.

The trophic hormones can feedback and inhibit the hypothalamus. Even the physiological response to the hormone can feedback and affect target organs. This whole feedback loop is negative, but it can also be ostive. So, if hormone levels drop, or if stress increases, or diet changes, there will be a change in physiological response that will make feedback positive or negative to affect the hypothalamus.

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