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In epidemiology, a cohort study does not necessarily require a control group, as it primarily focuses on following a group of individuals (the cohort) exposed to a certain risk factor or intervention over time to observe outcomes. However, including a comparison group can enhance the study's validity by providing a benchmark for evaluating the effects of the exposure. Without a control group, it may be more challenging to attribute observed outcomes directly to the exposure. Ultimately, the design choice depends on the study's objectives and context.

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