Cartilage of joints
main effect of mechanical stress
Anterior osteophyte formations are typically caused by the wear and tear that occurs over time due to aging or degenerative conditions like osteoarthritis. They can also develop as a result of repeated stress or injury to the spine, leading to the body's attempt to stabilize the affected area by forming additional bone.
Osteoarthritis of lumbar spine (low back) is a very common form of arthritis that is commonly called "wear and tear" arthritis since it is usually due to the kind of stressful things that happen to people as they go through life (falls, heavy and awkward lifting, prolonged standing, prolonged forward flexion, pregnancy, poor posture, etc.). Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in the body, but is especially common in the lumbar spine because so much mechanical stress is applied to this area of the spine during the course of the and by most activities. Another term for lumbar osteoarthritis is lumbar spondylosis.
Mechanical stress is due to the resistance offered by various materials against physical distortion or damage. Thermal stress is caused due to the expansion of materials due to the variations in temperature with respect to reference value.
Normal stress and shear stress are two types of stresses that act on a material under mechanical loading. Normal stress is a force applied perpendicular to the surface of the material, while shear stress is a force applied parallel to the surface. The relationship between normal stress and shear stress depends on the material's properties and the direction of the applied forces. In general, normal stress and shear stress can interact and affect each other, leading to complex mechanical behaviors in the material.
You might be thinking of a stress fracture; a fracture of a bone caused by repeated (rather than sudden) mechanical stress.
Desmosomes
everyday stress
The relationship between stress and strain determines how materials respond to mechanical forces. Stress is the force applied to a material, while strain is the resulting deformation. When a material is subjected to stress, it deforms or changes shape, which is known as strain. The behavior of materials under mechanical loading is influenced by how they respond to stress and strain. Materials can exhibit different properties such as elasticity, plasticity, and brittleness based on their stress-strain relationship.
Photoelastic materials are transparent materials that change their optical properties when subjected to mechanical stress. When stress is applied, these materials exhibit a birefringence effect, which causes them to change colors or patterns under polarized light. They are commonly used in stress analysis and to visualize stress distributions in mechanical components.
The relationship between stress and strain in materials under mechanical deformation is described by Hooke's Law, which states that stress is directly proportional to strain. This means that as a material is subjected to a force (stress), it will deform (strain) in a predictable and linear manner. The relationship between stress and strain helps engineers and scientists understand how materials behave under different conditions and can be used to predict their mechanical properties.
Aside from mechanical stress, other types of stress that can cause piezoluminescence in p lunula cells include electrical stress, thermal stress, and chemical stress. These stressors can trigger the release of energy, resulting in light emission from the crystals in the p lunula cells.